Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology
University of Arizona College of Medicine
Department of Pharmacology
Tucson, Arizona
(520) 991-7273
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Please note: Effective January 1, 2025, I no longer will accept new expert witness assignments. After completing the cases on which I am currently working, I plan to retire. Thank you for your interest in my expertise. ​​
Forensic Consulting
I provide professional consultations in criminal and civil litigation in city, state, and federal courts for plaintiffs (and prosecutors) and defense counsel related to the effect of drugs and alcohol on the body and on human behavior. I have been certified as an expert witness in all of those courts. In my capacity as an expert in pharmacology and toxicology, I evaluate medical, pharmacology, and toxicology records, lab findings and court transcripts, and supply written opinions and expert testimony to courts upon request.
Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology
University of Arizona College of Medicine
Department of Pharmacology
In 2018, I retired as a Full Professor from the University of Arizona's College of Medicine's Department of Pharmacology. I was granted Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology status by the President of the University and retain that title. I received my Bachelor of Science degree from California State University, Long Beach, in Zoology, and earned my Ph.D. (doctorate) in Pharmacology at the University of California, Los Angeles. After completing my doctorate, I became a postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Arthur V. Davis Center for Behavioral Neurobiology, The Salk Institute, San Diego, California, under the tutelage of Dr. Floyd E. Bloom, a member of the National Academy of Sciences. While working at the Salk Institute, I had the honor to be awarded a one-year Alexander von Humboldt fellowship at the Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry in Munich, Germany. From 1980-1986, I served as a Research Assistant Professor at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1986, I was promoted to a Research Associate Professor of Pharmacology with a secondary appointment in the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. From 1986-87, I served as Acting Chief, Neuroscience Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center in Baltimore, Maryland.
I was invited to join the faculty at the University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine in 1988 where I remained until my retirement as a tenured full professor of Pharmacology in 2018. While at the UA, and only as examples of the administrative work I performed there, I was Chair of the Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, directed the pharmacology course for second-year medical students, directed the Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Renal Block from 2009 to 2015 in the second-year medical school curriculum, and Chaired the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology in the Graduate College at the University of Arizona. My grant-funded research is listed elsewhere on this website. As a member of the faculty, I mentored countless graduate students and medical students and served on their dissertation committees.
I also served on numerous committees both in the College of Medicine and at the UA, some of which include the Curriculum Committee, Student Progress Committee, Student Appeals Committee, Promotion and Tenure Committee, Advisory Committee to the Arizona Respiratory Center Training Program, Standing Subcommittee for Preparation for Clinical Medicine Course, Furrow Advisory Committee, Dean’s Search Committee, and many others.
I am a member of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET), and served on several of its committees and subcommittees. I was a member of the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) Initial Review Group, Neurophysiology & Neuroanatomy Research Committee, and served as a special review consultant for NIDA as well.
I conducted funded research as Principal Investigator for NIDA, Arizona Disease Control Research Commission, the UA Purchase of Classroom Equipment for Instructional Computing, Sandoz Research Institute, Knoll Pharmaceuticals, NOVA Pharmaceutical Corporation, Vice President for Research at the UA involving research related to marijuana and dopamine neuron electrophysiology, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Astra Alab, Pfizer Corporation, the National Institute on Neurological Disorders, a Biomedical Research Support Grant for the UA College of Medicine, National Institute on Neurological Diseases, University of Maryland, Designated Research Initiative Funds, National Institute on Neurological Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Science, and during the years in which I conducted research, I published more than 90 research papers, 72 of which were in peer-reviewed journals.
I have received numerous teaching awards, and have been an invited speaker at national and international meetings, all of which are outlined in my curriculum vitae. Click the button below to download my CV.
Publications
Monographs
French, E.D.:
Studies on the sites of morphine's actions: effects of systemic and intracerebral injections on growth hormone and corticosteroid secretion, thermoregulation and behavior in the cat. Doctoral Dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, 1976
Book Chapters
1. Zieglgansberger, W., Siggins, G.R., French, E. and Bloom, F.E.:
Effects of opioids on single unit activity. In: Characteristics and Functions of Opioids, (Developments in Neuroscience, Vol. 4), J.M. Van Ress, L. Terenius (eds.), Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1978, pp. 75-86.
2. Bloom, F.E., Rossier, J., Battenberg, E.L.F., Bayon, A., French, E.D., Henriksen, S.J. Siggins, G.R., Segal, D., Browne, R., Ling, N., Guillemin, R.:
ß-endorphin cellular localization, electrophysiological and behavioral effects. In: Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, Vol. 18, E. Costa and M. Trabucchi (eds.), Raven Press, New York, 1978, pp. 89-109.
3. Bloom, F., Bayon, A., French, E., Koob, G., Le Moal, M., Rossier, J. and Guillemin, R.:
Endorphins: developmental, endocrinological, and behavioral actions. In: Molecular Endocrinology, I. MacIntyre and Szelke (eds.) Elsevier/North Holland Biomolecular Press, The Netherlands, pp. 39-55, 1979.
4. Bloom, F., Bayon, A., French, E., Henriksen, S., Koob, G., Le Moal, M., Rossier, J. and Shoemaker, W.:
Brain endorphins: developmental, electrophysiological and behavioral actions. In: Peptides - Structure and Biological Function, E. Gross and J. Meinehofer (eds.), Pierce Chemical Company, pp. 811-821, 1979.
5. Bloom, F., Bayon, A., Battenberg, E., French, E., Koda, L., Koob, G., Le Moal, M., Rossier, J. and Shoemaker, W.:
Endorphins: developmental, cellular and behavioral aspects. In: Neural Peptides and Neuronal Communications, E. Costa and M. Trabucchi (eds.), Raven Press, New York, 1980, pp. 619-632.
6. Rossier, J., French, E., Guillemin, R. and Bloom, F.E.:
On the mechanisms of simultaneous release of immunoreactive ß-endorphin, ACTH, and prolactin by stress. In: Neural Peptides and Neuronal Communication, E. Costa and M. Trabucchi (eds.), Raven Press, New York, 1980, pp. 363-413.
7. Bloom, F.E., Siggins, G.R., Pittman, Q., French, E. and Berger, T.:
Endorphins as mediators of ethanol actions: Multidisciplinary tests. In: Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids, Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, 1981, pp. 223-225.
8. Bloom, F.E., Aldenhoff, J., Bakhit, C., Benoit, R., French, E., Gruol, D., Koda, L., Morrison, J. and Siggins, G.:
Gut peptides in the brain: implications for therapeutics. In: Proceedings, II World Conference on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Symposium on Neuropeptides, pp. 754-768, 1984.
9. O'Donohue, T.L., Pert, C.B., French, E.D., Pert, A., DiMaggio, D.A., Everist, H. and Quirion, R.:
Evidence for an endogenous central nervous system ligand for the phencyclidine receptor. In: Peptides, Structure and Function, V.J. Hruby and D.H. Rich (eds.) Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, IL, pp. 433-436, 1984.
10. Schwarcz, R., Vezzani, A. and French, E.D.:
Quinolinic acid induced seizures and hippocampal nerve cell loss: antagonism by -APH and kynurenic acid. In: Neurotransmitters, Seizures, and Epilepsy, III, Nistico, G., Morselli, A.Z., Lloyd, K.G., Fariello, R.G., Engel, J.Jr. (eds.), Raven Press, pp. 247-257, 1986.
11. French, E.D., Vezzani, A., Whetsell, Jr., W.O. and Schwarcz, R.:
Anti-excitotoxic actions of taurine in the rat hippocampus studied in vivo and in vitro. In: Excitatory Amino Acids and Seizure Disorders, Ben-Ari, Y. and Schwarcz, R. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 349-362, 1986.
12. Schwarcz, R., Speciale, C., Okuno, E., French, E.D. and Kohler, C:
Quinolinic acid: a pathogen in temporal lobe epilepsy? In: Excitatory Amino Acids and Seizure Disorders, Ben-Ari, Y. and Schwarcz, R. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 697-707, 1986.
13. French, E.D.:
Effects of acute and chronic phencyclidine treatment on mesocorticolimbic A10 dopamine neurons in the rat: electrophysiological and behavioral assessments. In: Sigma Opioid Phencyclidine-like Compounds as Molecular Probes in Biology, J.M. Kamenka, E.F. Domino, P. Geneste (eds.), NPP Books, Michigan, pp. 451-461, 1988.
14. French, E.D., Lin, J.Y. and Simms, D.:
Characteristics of possible mechanisms by which phencyclidine (PCP) and PCP-like drugs alter the activity of A10 dopamine neurons: Electrophysiological and behavioral studies. In: Multiple Sigma and PCP Receptor Ligands: Mechanisms for Neuromodulation and Neuroprotection? J.-M. Kamenka and E.F. Domino (eds.) NPP Books, Michigan, pp.445-457, 1992.
Refereed Journal Articles
1. Rossier, J., French, E.D., Rivier, C., Ling, N., Guillemin, R., Bloom, F.E.:
Foot-shock induced stress increases ß-endorphin levels in blood but not brain. Nature 270:618-620, 1977.
2. French, E.D., Vasquez, S.A., George, R.:
Thermoregulatory responses of the unrestrained cat to acute and chronic intravenous administration of low doses of morphine and to naloxone precipitated withdrawal. Life Sciences 22:1947-1954, 1978.
3. French, E.D., Vasquez, S.A., George, R.:
Potentiation of morphine hyperthermia in cats by pimozide and fluoxetine hydrochloride. European J. Pharmacology 48:351-356, 1978.
4. Siggins, G.R. and French, E.D.:
Iontophoretic and micropressure applications of ethanol and tetrahydropapaveroline depresses central neurons. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 4:239-243, 1979.
5. French, E.D., Garcia, J.F. and George, R.:
Acute and chronic morphine effects on plasma corticosteroids and growth hormone in the cat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 3:237-244, 1979.
6. French, E.D., Vasquez, S.A. and George R.:
Behavioral changes produced in the cat by acute and chronic intravenous morphine injection and naloxone precipitated withdrawal. European J. Pharmacology 57:387-398, 1979.
7. Rossier, J., French, E., Gros, C., Minick, S., Guillemin, R. and Bloom, F.E.:
Adrenalectomy, dexamethasone or stress alters opioid peptide levels in rat anterior pituitary but not intermediate lobe or brain. Life Sciences 25:2105-2112, 1979.
8. Zieglgansberger, W., French, E.D., Siggins, G.R. and Bloom, F.E.:
Opioid peptides may excite hippocampal pyramidal neurons by inhibiting adjacent inhibitory interneurons. Science 205:415-417, 1979.
9. French, E.D.:
Dexamethasone blocks morphine-induced hypothermia in restrained rats. Life Sciences 25:1583-1590, 1979.
10. Rossier, J., French, E., Rivier, C., Shibasaki, T., Guillemin, R. and Bloom, F.E.:
Stress-induced release of prolactin: blockade by dexamethasone and naloxone may indicate ß-endorphin mediation. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, USA 77:666-669, 1980.
12. French, E.D., Siggins, G.R. and Bloom, F.E.:
An iontophoretic survey of opioid peptide actions in rat limbic system: in search of opiate epileptogenic mechanisms. Regulatory Peptides 1:127-146, 1980.
13. Schwarcz, R., Aldinio, C., French, E.D. and Collins, J.F.:
Neurotoxic and convulsant effects of ibotenic acid are antagonized by (-) 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid. Neuroscience 7:118, 1982.
14. Berger, T., French, E.D., Siggins, G.R. and Bloom, F.E.:
Ethanol and some tetrahydroisoquinolines alter the discharge of rat hippocampal neurons in vivo when applied by microelectroosmosis or pressure: relationship to opiate actions. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 17:813-821, 1982.
15. French, E.D., Aldinio, C. and Schwarcz, R.:
Electroencephalographic seizures and neuronal degeneration: relationships investigated by intrahippocampal kainic acid in the unanesthetized freely behaving rat. Neuroscience 7:2525-2536, 1982.
16. Siggins, G.R., Berger, T., French, E.D., Shier, T. and Bloom, F.E.:
Ethanol, salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline alter the discharge of neurons in several brain regions: comparison to opioid effects. Progress Clinical & Biological Research 90:275-287, 1982.
17. French, E.D. and Zieglgansberger, W.:
The excitatory response of in vitro hippocampal pyramidal cells to morphine and methionine enkephalin maybe mediated by different receptor populations. Experimental Brain Research 48:238-244, 1982.
18. Zieglgansberger, W., French, E.D., Mercuri, N., PeLayo, F. and Williams, J.T.:
Multiple opiate receptors on neurons of the mammalian central nervous system. In vivo and in vitro studies. Life Sciences 31:2343-2346, 1982.
19. Aldinio, C., French, E.D. and Schwarcz, R.:
The effects of intrahippocampal ibotenic acid and their blockade by (-) 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: morphological and electroencephalographical analysis. Experimental Brain Research 51:36-41, 1983.
20. Schwarcz, R., Brush, G.S., Foster, A.C. and French, E.D.:
Seizure activity and lesion following intrahippocampal quinolinic acid. Experimental Neurology 84:1-17, 1984.
21. French, E.D. and Vantini, G.:
Phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity in the rat is blocked by a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nucleus accumbens: comparisons to other psychomotor stimulants. Psychopharmacology 82:82-88, 1984.
22. Foster, A.C., Vezzani, A., French, E.D. and Schwarcz, R.:
Kynurenic acid blocks neurotoxicity and seizures in rats by the related brain metabolite quinolinic acid. Neuroscience Letters 48:273-278, 1984.
23. French, E.D., Foster, A.C., Vezzani, A. and Schwarcz, R.:
Quinolinate and kynurenate, two endogenous tryptophan metabolites with potential links to epileptic disorders. Clinical Neuropharmacology 7:456-457, 1984.
24. Schwarcz, R., Foster, A.C., French, E.D., Whetsell, Jr., W.O. and Kohler, C.:
Excitotoxic models for neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sciences 35:19-32, 1984.
25. Quirion, R., DiMaggio, D.A., French, E.D., Contreras, P.C., Shiloach, J., Pert, C.B., Everist, H., Pert, A. and O'Donohue, T.L.:
Identification of an endogenous peptide ligand for the phencyclidine receptor. Peptides 5:967-973, 1984.
26. Vezzani, A., Ungerstedt, U., French, E.D. and Schwarcz, R.:
In vivo brain dialysis of amino acids and simultaneous EEG measurements following intrahippocampal quinolinic acid injection: evidence for a dissociation between neurochemical changes and seizures. J. Neurochemistry 45:335-344, 1985.
27. French, E.D., Vezzani, A., Whetsell, W.O. and Schwarcz, R.:
Anti-excitotoxic effects of taurine in the rat hippocampus in vitro and in vivo. Epilepsia 26:205-207, 1985.
28. Schwarcz,R., Speciale, C., Okuno,E., French,E.D., and Kohler,C.:
Quinolinic acid: a pathogen in seizure disorder. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology 203: 697-707, 1986.
29. French, E.D., Vantini, G., Pilapil, C. and Quirion, R.:
Phencyclidine binding sites in the nucleus accumbens and PCP-induced hyperactivity are decreased following lesions of the mesolimbic dopamine system. European J. Pharmacology 116:1-9, 1985.
30. French, E.D.:
Effects of N-allylnormetazocine (SKF 10,047), phencyclidine and other psychomotor stimulants in the rat following a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the ventral tegmental area. Neuropharmacology 25:447-450, 1986.
31. French, E.D.:
Effects of phencyclidine on ventral tegmental A10 dopamine neurons in the rat. Neuropharmacology 25:241-248, 1986.
32. French, E.D., Jacobson, A.C. and Rice, K.C.:
Metaphit, a proposed phencyclidine antagonist, blocks PCP-induced locomotor behavior through mechanisms unrelated to specific antagonism of PCP receptors. European J. Pharmacology 140:267-274, 1987.
33. Siggins, G.R., Pittman, Q.J. and French, E.D.:
Effects of ethanol on CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampal slice preparation: an intracellular study. Brain Research 414:22-34, 1987.
34. Siggins, G.R., Bloom, F.E., French, E.D., Madamba, S.G., Mancillas, J., Pittman, Q.J. and Rogers, J.:
Electrophysiology of ethanol on central neurons. Annals, NY Academy of Science 492:350-366, 1987.
35. Schwarcz, R., Speciale, C. and French, E.D.:
Hippocampal kynurenines as etiological factors in seizure disorders. Polish J. Pharmacology 39:485-494, 1987.
36. French, E.D.:
Effects of acute and chronic phencyclidine (PCP) on the A10 dopaminergic mesolimbic system: electrophysiological and behavioral correlates. Neuropharmacology 27:791-798, 1988.
37. Ceci, A., Smith, M. and French, E.D.:
Activation of the A10 mesolimbic system by the sigma receptor agonist (+)SKF 10,047 is selectively antagonized by the novel putative antipsychotic rimcazole. European J. Pharmacology 154:53-57, 1988.
38. Ceci, A. and French, E.D.:
Effects of phencyclidine on ventral tegmental A10 dopamine neurons in rats with lesions of the prefrontal cortex, accumbens and dorsal raphe nuclei. Annals, NY Academy of Science 537:500-501,1988.
39. Ceci, A. and French, E.D.:
Phencyclidine-induced activation of ventral tegmental A10 dopamine neurons is differentially affected by lesions of the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. Life Sciences 45:637-646, 1989.
40. French, E.D., Kamenka, J.-M. and Lin, J.-Y.:
Bi-modal effects of phencyclidine on A10 dopamine neurons results from diverse actions at the PCP-receptor and dopamine uptake complex. European J. Pharmacology 183(2):428-429, 1990.
41. French, E.D. and Ceci, A.:
Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists are potent activators of ventral tegmental A10 dopamine neurons. Neuroscience Letters 119:159-162, 1990.
42. French, E.D., Ferkany, J., Abreu, M. and Levenson, S.:
Effects of Competitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonists on Midbrain Dopamine Neurons: An Electrophysiological and Behavioral Comparison to Phencyclidine. Neuropharmacology 30:1039-1046, 1991.
43. McMaster, O.G., Du, F., French, E.D. and Schwarcz, R.:
Focal Injection of aminooxyacetic acid produces seizures and lesions in rat hippocampus: Evidence for mediation by NMDA receptors. Experimental Neurology 113:378-385, 1991.
44. French, E.D.:
Competitive NMDA receptor antagonists attenuate phencyclidine-induced excitations of A10 dopamine neurons. European J. Pharmacology 271:1-7. 1992.
45. French, E.D., Mura, A. and Wang, T.:
MK-801, phencyclidine (PCP) and PCP-like drugs increase burst firing in rat A10 dopamine neurons: Comparison to competitive NMDA antagonists. Synapse 13:108-116, 1993.
46. Wang, T. and French, E.D.:
Electrophysiological evidence for the existence of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors on rat ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Synapse 13:270-277, 1993.
47. Wang, T. and French, E.D.:
Effects of phencyclidine on spontaneous and excitatory amino acid-induced activity of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons: An extracellular in vitro study. Life Sciences 53:49-56, 1993.
48. Wang, T. and French, E.D.:
L-glutamate excitation of A10 dopamine neurons is preferentially mediated by activation of NMDA receptors. Extra- and intracellular electrophysiological studies in brain slices. Brain Research 627:299-306, 1993.
49. McMaster, O.G., Baran, H., Wu, H.-Q., Du, F., French, E.D. and Schwarcz, R.:
γ-acetylenic GABA produces axon-sparing neurodegeneration after focal injection into the rat hippocampus. Experimental Neurology 124:184-191, 1993
50. French, E.D.:
Phencyclidine and the midbrain dopamine system: Electrophysiology and behavior. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 16:355-362, 1994.
51. French, E.D., Lopez, M., Peper, S., Kamenka, J-M. and Roberts, D.C.S.:
The self-administration of BTCP, a phencyclidine derivative with potent dopamine uptake properties: Comparison to PCP, TCP and cocaine using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Behavioral Pharmacology 6:223-228, 1995.
52. Wang, T., O'Connor, W.T., Ungerstadt, U. and French, E.D.:
N-methyl-D-aspartic acid biphasically regulates the biochemical and electrophysiological responses of A10 dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area: In vivo microdialysis and in vitro electrophysiological studies. Brain Research 666:255-262, 1995.
53. Wang, T. and French, E.D.:
NMDA Kainate and AMPA depolarize nondopamine neurons in the rat ventral tegmentum. Brain Research Bulletin 36:39-43, 1995.
54. Reid, L.D. Gllick, S.D., Menkens, K.A., French, E.D., Bilsky, E.J. and Porreca, F.:
Cocaine self-administration and naltrindole, a delta-selective opioid antagonist. Neuroreport 6:1281-1284, 1995.
55. Bourland, J.A. and French, E.D.:
Effects of remoxipride, an atypical antipsychotic, on cocaine self-administration in the rat using fixed - and progressive - ratio schedules of reinforcement. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 40:111-114, 1995.
56. Ranaldi, R., French, E. and Roberts, D.C.S.:
Systemic pretreatment with MK-801 increase break points on a progressive ratio schedule reinforced by intravenous cocaine in rats. Psychopharmacology 128:83-88, 1996.
57. French, E.D., Dillon, K. and Ali, S.F.:
Effects of Ibogaine, and cocaine and morphine after ibogaine, on ventral tegmental dopamine neurons: Pharmacology Letters 59:PL199-205, 1996.
58. French, E.D., Dillon, K. and Wu, X.:
Cannabinoids excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra. NeuroReport 8:649-652,1997.
59. French, E.D.
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol excites rat VTA dopamine neurons through activation of cannabinoid CB1 but not opioid receptors. Neuroscience Letters 226:159-162, 1997.
60. Riegel, A. and French, E.D.
Acute toluene induces biphasic changes in rat spontaneous locomotor activity which are blocked by remoxipride. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 62:399-402, 1999.
61. Riegel, A. and French, E.D.
An electrophysiological analysis of rat ventral tegmental dopamine neuronal activity during acute toluene exposure. Pharmacology & Toxicology 85:37-43, 1999.
62. Riegel, A. and French, E.D.
The susceptibility of rat non-dopamine ventral tegmental neurons to inhibition during toluene exposure. Pharmacology & Toxicology 85:44-46, 1999.
63. Wu, X. and French, E.D.
Effects of chronic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on rat midbrain dopamine neurons: An electrophysiological assessment. Neuropharmacology 39:391-398, 2000.
64. Yin, R. and French, E.D.:
A comparison of the effects of nicotine on dopamine and non-dopamine neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area: An in vitro electrophysiological study. Brain Research Bulletin 51:507-514, 2000.
65. A.C. Riegel and French, E.D.
Abused inhalants and central reward pathways: Electrophysiological and behavioral studies in the rat. Annals N.Y. Acad. Science 965, 2002.
66. Riegel, A.C., Ali, S.F. and French, E.D.:
Toluene-induced locomotor activity is blocked by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens and the mGLUR2/3 agonist LY379268. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1440-1447, 2003.
67. French, E.D.:
Academic pharmacologists: confronting new challenges in educational programs of graduate and health care professionals. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 309:441-443, 2004.
68. Riegel, A.C., Ali, S.F., Torinese, S. and French, E.D.:
Repeated exposure to the abused inhalant toluene alters levels of neurotransmitters and generates peroxynitrite in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic nuclei in rat. Annals N.Y. Acad. Science 1025:1-9, 2004.
69. Riegel, A.C., Zapata, A., Shippenberg, T.S. and French, E.D.:
The abused inhalant toluene increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by directly stimulating ventral tegmental area neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32:1558-1569, 2007.
70. Gerdeman, G.L., Schechter, J.B. and French, E.D.:
Context-specific reversal of cocaine sensitization by the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33:2747-2759, 2008.
71. Fioravanti, B., Kasasbeh, A., Edelmayer, R., Skinner, D., Hartings, J.A., Burkland, R.D., DeFelice, M., French, E.D., Dussor, G.O., Dodick, D.W., Porreca, F. and Vanderah, T.W.
Evaluation of cutaneous allodynia following induction of cortical spreading depression in freely moving rats. Cephalalgia DOI:1177/0333 10241-14106, 2009.
72. Corral-Frias, N.S., FRENCH, E.D. and Fellows, J-M.:
Involvement of the ventral tegmental area in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 38: 350-363, 2012.
73. Janezic, E.M., Uppalapati, S., Nagl, S., Contreras, M., French, E.D. and Fellous, J-M.
Beneficial effects of chronic oxytocin administration and naïve social co-housing in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavioral Pharmacology 27: 704-717, 2016.